A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure involving the creation of a hole in the front of the neck, allowing access to the windpipe. To maintain an open airway, a tracheostomy tube is inserted, which helps facilitate breathing. This tube can be connected to an oxygen source or a ventilator if needed, and it may also assist in draining fluids from the neck and windpipe.
When normal breathing is obstructed or compromised, a tracheostomy serves as an alternative airway to aid respiration. It is often required when long-term ventilator support is needed or to minimize the risk of aspiration (inhaling food or liquids into the lungs), particularly for individuals with difficulty coughing effectively.
The procedure can be either planned (elective) or emergency-based, and the choice between a surgical or minimally invasive technique depends on the patient’s condition and clinical requirements. Tracheostomies are performed under general anesthesia to ensure the patient is unconscious and pain-free during the operation. Using a needle or scalpel, an opening is created in the neck, and a tube is inserted into the windpipe.
After the procedure, a sterile dressing is applied, and the tracheostomy tube is secured in place using tape or sutures. If respiratory support is needed, the tube can be connected to an oxygen or breathing machine to improve oxygen delivery to the lungs.
Recovery typically involves a hospital stay ranging from several days to a few weeks, depending on the individual's condition. In some cases, the tracheostomy tube may be removed before discharge, and the opening in the neck may close on its own.