Respiratory tract infections are infections that affect the respiratory system, including the throat, airways, lungs, and sinuses. They can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi and range from common colds to more severe conditions like pneumonia.
RTIs can be categorized into upper respiratory tract infections (affecting the nose, throat, and sinuses) and lower respiratory tract infections (affecting the airways and lungs), such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
RTIs are commonly caused by viruses (such as influenza and rhinoviruses) and bacteria (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae). These infections spread through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes.
Symptoms of RTIs include cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and in severe cases, bluish skin due to lack of oxygen.
If left untreated, RTIs can lead to complications such as pneumonia, respiratory failure, and worsening of underlying respiratory conditions. In severe cases, they can be life-threatening.
Treatment includes rest, staying hydrated, over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms, and in some cases, antibiotics or antiviral medications. Severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care.
Early medical attention is important if symptoms persist or worsen. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and promote a quicker recovery.